December 2025 was a Winter Session month full of big Bills: SHANTI for nuclear energy, VB-G RAM G for rural jobs, 100% FDI in insurance and a higher-education regulator. Putin's visit, the India–Oman CEPA and Deepavali's UNESCO listing also stood out.

In this compilation: 27 major items, grouped by GS theme · 10-question quiz at the end.

Timeline: key events of December 2025

Places in news, December 2025

Polity & Governance

1. VB-G RAM G Bill introduced to replace MGNREGA

• The Rural Development Ministry introduced the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025.
• It was pitched as an upgrade to MGNREGA, 2005.
• The law later came into force on 1 July 2026.

Why it matters for UPSC: Rural employment guarantee design and Centre–state funding.

Syllabus: GS2 – Welfare

2. Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill, 2025

• The Bill was introduced and sent to a Joint Parliamentary Committee.
• It plans a single higher-education regulator in place of bodies like UGC and AICTE.
• NEP 2020 had proposed a Higher Education Commission of India.

Why it matters for UPSC: Regulatory reform in higher education.

Syllabus: GS2 – Education

3. Law Commission's views on One Nation One Election

• The 23rd Law Commission shared initial views with the JPC on the Constitution (129th Amendment) Bill, 2024.
• The Bills aim to hold Lok Sabha and Assembly polls together.
• The Ram Nath Kovind committee recommended simultaneous polls in 2024.

Why it matters for UPSC: Federalism and cost of elections debate.

Syllabus: GS2 – Elections