September 2025 brought GST 2.0, a new Vice President, Gen Z protests that toppled Nepal's government, the SCO summit in Tianjin, the Saudi–Pakistan defence pact and the US H-1B fee shock. Major items are grouped below by GS paper.

In this compilation: 28 major items, grouped by GS theme · 10-question quiz at the end.

Timeline: key events of September 2025

Places in news, September 2025

Polity & Governance

1. C.P. Radhakrishnan elected 15th Vice President

• He won 452 votes against B. Sudershan Reddy's 300.
• The poll followed Jagdeep Dhankhar's resignation in July 2025.
• The electoral college is all members of both Houses (Article 66).

Why it matters for UPSC: Role of the Vice President as Rajya Sabha Chairman.

Syllabus: GS2 – Union executive

2. SC stays parts of the Waqf (Amendment) Act

• The Court refused to stay the whole Act but paused some provisions.
• One paused rule required five years' practice of Islam to create a waqf.
• It capped non-Muslim members on Waqf boards and the Central Waqf Council.

Why it matters for UPSC: Article 26 and state regulation of religious endowments.

Syllabus: GS2 – Minority rights

3. Online Gaming Act, 2025 takes shape

• It bans online real-money games, their ads and payments for them.
• It promotes e-sports and social games through a regulator.
• Supporters cite addiction and fraud; industry cites job losses.

Why it matters for UPSC: Prohibition vs regulation.

Syllabus: GS2/GS3 – Regulation