A peninsular river that rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills of Kodagu, Karnataka, flows south-east across the Mysuru plateau and Tamil Nadu, and enters the Bay of Bengal through a large, fertile delta, often called the Ganga of the South.
The Kaveri is one of the rivers that have shaped South Indian civilisation. Sangam poems celebrate it, the Chola kingdom grew rich on its delta, and the Grand Anicut (Kallanai), a stone weir built across the river in the early centuries of the Common Era and still in use after later repairs, is often cited as one of the oldest water-diversion structures in the world.
Geographically, the river begins in the wet Western Ghats and then flows across the drier rain-shadow plateau of southern Karnataka. It drops off the plateau at Shivanasamudra, where one of Asia's early hydroelectric stations was built in 1902, and again at Hogenakkal on the Karnataka–Tamil Nadu border. Below the Mettur dam it flows through the Tamil Nadu plains and splits near Srirangam, where the Kollidam branch takes floodwater away. The delta around Thanjavur has long been called the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu.
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