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Revision note: The Sangam Age: Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas and Tamil Literature

  • Sangam age ~3rd c. BCE–3rd c. CE; three Sangams under Pandyas (Madurai); 3rd chaired by Nakkirar
  • Tolkappiyam (grammar); Ettuthogai, Pattuppattu, Patinenkilkanakku (Tirukkural – aram, porul, inbam)
  • Epics: Silappadikaram (Ilango Adigal; Kannagi–Kovalan), Manimekalai (Sattanar, Buddhist)
  • Five tinais: Kurinji (Murugan), Mullai (Mayon), Marutam (Indra), Neytal (Varuna), Palai (Korravai)
  • Cheras – bow, Vanji, Muziris, Senguttuvan; Cholas – tiger, Puhar, Karikala (Kallanai, Venni); Pandyas – fish, Madurai, Korkai
  • Roman trade: Muziris, Arikamedu, Hippalus; hero stones; Kalabhra interregnum
Revision card summarising The Sangam Age: Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas and Tamil Literature
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs1/mauryas-to-guptas/the-sangam-age-cheras-cholas-pandyas-and-tamil-literature/ · UPSCPrep.in

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