GS2 › Amendments and Basic Structure

Revision note: Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368) and Landmark Amendments

  • Art 368 (Part XX); procedure from South Africa; either House; minister or private member; no President's prior permission
  • Special majority in each House; no joint sitting; President must assent (24th Amdt)
  • Simple majority (outside 368): Arts 2–4, 169, Second Schedule, quorum, citizenship, Fifth & Sixth Schedules
  • Special majority + half states: President's election, Union/state executive power, SC & HCs, Seventh Schedule, Fourth Schedule, GST Council, Art 368 itself
  • Landmarks: 1st, 7th, 24th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 61st, 73rd/74th, 86th, 101st, 103rd, 106th
  • Rajendra Shah 2021: Part IXB invalid for state co-operatives
Revision card summarising Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368) and Landmark Amendments
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs2/amendments-and-basic-structure/amendment-of-the-constitution-article-368-and-landmark-amendments/ · UPSCPrep.in

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