GS2 › Federalism and Centre–State Relations

Revision note: Emergency Provisions: Articles 352, 356 and 360

  • Art 352: war, external aggression, armed rebellion (44th Amdt); Cabinet's written advice; approval 1 month, special majority; 6-month renewals; LS can revoke by simple majority (1/10 notice)
  • Effects: Art 250 State List laws; LS term +1 year at a time; Art 358 (Art 19 suspended – external only); Art 359 (not Arts 20, 21)
  • Emergencies: 1962, 1971, 1975
  • Art 356: constitutional machinery failure; 2 months, simple majority; max 3 years; >1 year needs emergency + EC certificate
  • Bommai 1994: judicial review, floor test, no dissolution before approval, secularism basic
  • Art 360 financial: 2 months, simple majority, indefinite; never used
Revision card summarising Emergency Provisions: Articles 352, 356 and 360
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs2/federalism-and-centre-state-relations/emergency-provisions-articles-352-356-and-360/ · UPSCPrep.in

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