GS2 › Judiciary

Revision note: High Courts and Subordinate Courts

  • HCs: Arts 214–231; first in 1862 (Calcutta, Bombay, Madras); 25 HCs; common HC allowed by 7th Amdt
  • Appointment by President (consulting CJI, Governor, HC CJ); qualification 10 yrs judicial office/advocate; retire 62
  • Art 224A ad hoc judges; Art 226 wider writ power; Art 227 superintendence; Art 215 court of record
  • Subordinate courts Arts 233–237; district judge by Governor + HC (7 yrs advocate); Art 235 HC control
  • Sessions judge can award death – HC confirms; Gram Nyayalayas Act 2008; BNSS 2023 replaced CrPC
  • Pendency > 5 crore cases; e-Courts Phase III (2023)
Revision card summarising High Courts and Subordinate Courts
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs2/judiciary/high-courts-and-subordinate-courts/ · UPSCPrep.in

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