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Revision note: Tribunals, Lok Adalats and Alternative Dispute Resolution

  • Part XIV-A (42nd Amdt): Art 323A administrative tribunals (Parliament only); Art 323B other tribunals (both)
  • CAT 1985; L. Chandra Kumar 1997: HC writ power basic structure – tribunals first instance only
  • NGT 2010; NCLT/NCLAT (2013, IBC 2016); AFT 2007; ITAT 1941 oldest
  • Tribunals Reforms Act 2021 abolished FCAT, IPAB etc.; 2025 SC struck key provisions; National Tribunals Commission urged
  • ADR: CPC s.89 – arbitration (1996 Act), conciliation, mediation (Mediation Act 2023), Lok Adalat
  • Lok Adalat: Gujarat 1982; statutory 1987 (LSA Act); no court fee, no appeal; Permanent Lok Adalats for public utilities
Revision card summarising Tribunals, Lok Adalats and Alternative Dispute Resolution
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs2/judiciary/tribunals-lok-adalats-and-alternative-dispute-resolution/ · UPSCPrep.in

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