GS3 › Climate Change

Revision note: Global Climate Negotiations: UNFCCC, Kyoto, Paris and Climate Finance

  • UNFCCC 1992 (in force 1994; Bonn; CBDR-RC; Annex I / non-Annex I)
  • Kyoto 1997 (in force 2005): Annex I −5.2% vs 1990 (2008–12); CDM, JI, ET; US never ratified
  • Copenhagen 2009 ($100 bn by 2020; met 2022); Cancún 2010 (GCF)
  • Paris 2015 (in force Nov 2016; India ratified 2 Oct 2016): well below 2°C / 1.5°C; NDCs every 5 years; GST (first at COP28); ETF; Art 6 markets; Art 8 loss & damage; US withdrawal announced Jan 2025
  • COP26 Glasgow (coal phase-down; net zero 2070); COP27 (L&D fund agreed); COP28 Dubai (fund operational; transition away from fossil fuels; triple RE); COP29 Baku (NCQG $300 bn by 2035); COP30 Belém 2025
  • CBAM (transition Oct 2023, charges 2026); BASIC, LMDC; ISA, CDRI, LiFE, GBA
Revision card summarising Global Climate Negotiations: UNFCCC, Kyoto, Paris and Climate Finance
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs3/climate-change/global-climate-negotiations-unfccc-kyoto-paris-and-climate-finance/ · UPSCPrep.in

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