GS3 › Climate Change

Revision note: The Science of Climate Change: Causes, Evidence and Impacts

  • Greenhouse effect: −18°C without vs +15°C with; CO₂ 280 → 420+ ppm
  • GHGs: CO₂, CH₄ (~28–30× GWP100, ~80× GWP20), N₂O (~265–273×), F-gases; water vapour is a feedback; sulphate aerosols cool
  • IPCC 1988 (WMO + UNEP; Nobel 2007); AR6: unequivocal; ~1.1°C (2011–20); 1.5°C needs −43% by 2030, net zero CO₂ early 2050s
  • 2024 warmest year (~1.55°C, first year above 1.5°C)
  • India: heatwaves, extreme rain, GLOF (South Lhonak 2023), Arabian Sea cyclones; ~4% of cumulative emissions; per capita ~2 t
  • ENSO (El Niño weakens monsoon), IOD (positive helps monsoon); feedback loops; urban heat islands
Revision card summarising The Science of Climate Change: Causes, Evidence and Impacts
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs3/climate-change/the-science-of-climate-change-causes-evidence-and-impacts/ · UPSCPrep.in

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