GS3 › Ecology and Biodiversity

Revision note: Wildlife Conservation: Protected Areas, Laws and Species Projects

  • 42nd Amendment: Art 48A, 51A(g); forests and wildlife moved to Concurrent List; Art 21 healthy environment; M.K. Ranjitsinh 2024 (climate rights)
  • WPA 1972: NBWL (PM), NTCA (2006), WCCB (2007); 2022 amendment: 4 schedules, CITES
  • PAs: ~107 NPs, ~570 WLS, conservation & community reserves (2002), ~5.3–5.5% of area; 18 BRs (12 UNESCO); ESZ 1 km (SC 2022, modified 2023)
  • Hemis largest NP; Corbett first (1936); Gir (lions); Keibul Lamjao (floating, sangai)
  • Project Tiger 1973 (9 → ~58 reserves); 2022 estimate 3,682 (MP 785); IBCA 2023
  • Project Elephant 1992; SPAI 2024 (718 snow leopards); GIB < 150; Project Dolphin 2020 (~6,327, 2025); lions 891 (2025)
Revision card summarising Wildlife Conservation: Protected Areas, Laws and Species Projects
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs3/ecology-and-biodiversity/wildlife-conservation-protected-areas-laws-and-species-projects/ · UPSCPrep.in

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