GS3 › Internal Security in Depth

Revision note: Left-Wing Extremism: Origins, Spread and the Government Response

  • Naxalbari 1967 (Darjeeling, WB): Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal; CPI(ML) 1969; CPI (Maoist) 2004 merger of PWG + MCC; banned under UAPA 2009
  • Causes: land alienation, displacement, forest rights, governance deficit, weak PESA; terrain; "single biggest internal security challenge" (PM 2006)
  • Peak ~2010 (Dantewada 76 CRPF killed); violence down > 70%; affected districts ~38 (2024), fewer since; core Bastar; target end-LWE by Mar 2026 (verify)
  • National Policy & Action Plan 2015; SAMADHAN 2017; CoBRA (CRPF 2008), Greyhounds, DRG; SRE, SIS, SCA
  • Development: RRP, mobile towers, EMRS, ITIs, Aspirational Districts; FRA 2006, PESA 1996
  • Salwa Judum unconstitutional: Nandini Sundar (2011)
Revision card summarising Left-Wing Extremism: Origins, Spread and the Government Response
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs3/internal-security-in-depth/left-wing-extremism-origins-spread-and-the-government-response/ · UPSCPrep.in

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