GS3 › Internal Security in Depth
Revision note: Terrorism and Insurgency: J&K and the Northeast
- No UN definition of terrorism; India's CCIT proposal since 1996
- J&K: militancy 1989–90; Pulwama Feb 2019 → Balakot; Art 370 abrogated Aug 2019, upheld Dec 2023; elections 2024; Pahalgam Apr 2025 → Op Sindoor May 2025 (verify)
- J&K strategy: counter-infiltration grid (LoC), Rashtriya Rifles, NIA on terror funding
- NE accords: Mizo 1986 (most successful); NSCN-IM ceasefire 1997, Framework 2015; Bodo 2020; Karbi 2021; ULFA Dec 2023; UNLF Nov 2023; Bru-Reang 2020
- Manipur: Meitei–Kuki-Zo violence since May 2023; President's Rule Feb 2025
- AFSPA 1958: upheld 1997; Jeevan Reddy (2005) recommended repeal; EEVFAM 2016; area reduced since 2022
- Laws: UAPA (2019: individuals), NIA Act 2008 (2019: abroad), BNS s.113 terrorist act; NSG, MAC, NATGRID; coastal 3-tier, IMAC; FATF grey list Pakistan 2018–22
Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs3/internal-security-in-depth/terrorism-and-insurgency-j-and-k-and-the-northeast/ · UPSCPrep.in