GS4 › Aptitude and Foundational Values

Revision note: Dedication, Empathy, Tolerance and Compassion towards Weaker Sections


  • Dedication: public service motivation (Perry and Wise 1990); nishkama karma; ASHA – WHO award 2022
  • Empathy: cognitive, emotional, compassionate; empathy (with) vs sympathy (for); design thinking
  • Tolerance: religious, dissent, ambiguity; Popper's paradox of tolerance (1945)
  • Compassion: act to relieve suffering; Arts 38, 41, 46; RPwD 2016, Transgender Act 2019
  • 2nd ARC 12th report: citizen-centric administration (2009)
Revision card summarising Dedication, Empathy, Tolerance and Compassion towards Weaker Sections
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

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