Also: Disorders Inquiry Committee (1919–20), Hunter Committee on the Punjab disturbances
Definition
The Disorders Inquiry Committee chaired by Lord William Hunter, set up in October 1919 to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and disturbances in Punjab, Delhi and Bombay; its 1920 report criticised General Dyer mildly, and the Congress rejected it in favour of its own inquiry. (Not to be confused with the Hunter Education Commission of 1882.)
Background and evolution
In March 1919, the Rowlatt Act allowed detention without trial in political cases, provoking nationwide protest under Gandhi's call for satyagraha. In Punjab, the arrest of local leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal led to protests in Amritsar. On 13 April 1919, Baisakhi day, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire without warning on a crowd of thousands gathered in the enclosed Jallianwala Bagh. Official figures put the dead at 379, while Indian estimates were far higher. Martial law followed in Punjab, with public floggings, the "crawling order" and bombing of crowds at Gujranwala.
Under pressure from Indian and British opinion, the Government of India appointed the Disorders Inquiry Committee in October 1919, chaired by Lord Hunter. The Congress boycotted it and set up its own Punjab Inquiry Committee, with members such as Motilal Nehru, C. R. Das, Abbas Tyabji, M. R. Jayakar and Gandhi, which documented atrocities in detail.
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