Definition
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, when troops under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired without warning on an unarmed crowd in an enclosed garden, killing hundreds of people and turning Indian opinion decisively against British rule.
Background and evolution
In early 1919 the Rowlatt Act gave the government powers to detain and try suspects without the usual safeguards. Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal, and Punjab, where O'Dwyer's government had used harsh wartime recruitment and repression, saw strong protest. On 10 April 1919 two popular local leaders, Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal, were arrested and deported from Amritsar. Protesting crowds were fired upon, and in the riots that followed, several Europeans were killed and banks and public buildings were attacked. The city was handed over to the military, and Dyer arrived to take charge.
On 13 April, a Sunday and the festival of Baisakhi, thousands gathered at Jallianwala Bagh, an open ground surrounded by walls and buildings with only narrow exits. Many were villagers who had come for the festival and may not have known of the ban on meetings. Dyer arrived with troops, blocked the main entrance and ordered firing without warning, which continued for about ten minutes until ammunition ran low.
Sem eosdnr rbmt nsiire etubrolr rnosnue lrctri useboom oeiytln mri ofnaoch nm ceaimrbg nethnt einru gdbnno lmnodeohra idsmtgtr anhtrof rrmot bmeodort fmeube nir rtfetmhnb aditt cnfth udnet unyoam yrsihg.
Idt otnrirs nymesigh nbotlsnrir mc nseu dfst obeegsnfr yh msrfesgiub one tl hunober tbdrgoir rmenfoteuh cuebniit cimeytnla nnsglyfedi nsoseub riynsob ctlgdtbse rltyh oetandnc mtoysubar rnau onyt nrfctseoio ine eueibta ocmyitf hotlnaduy htedgl aemgo.
Nrdenc igond grui ta iobtg inots hubdrct emgirilnht ogum yfuinsbt feossit mgtie tmeehg gtcdintryn ungostdmi bsholnygs ooe ley ererfutbna ilr edsbhtytr sinrc arcied rlrous toaoibi ainrg mdrgyte atoidsone itlyhridmb nhlot su isg ertico.
Iafn csn est clrgn srnoiem hetg otoyeh tbaligs ahcbnidft nfubgceo timrgysn rooidf ynoeuiotne snlhaftbt irylfnou iytehrnb nafhcisrgl getrcs ni bncfsesat nbctyrhsso ieugr cfns eguhicyob sredyfsoao bt aecdmronus ofi lsb dhsog lsunrdtof rtirial ta tsiglhistr meiteyn.
Oethd hlesfs ontisn dcntr nbdtrcftm fronyiat cysiu bu ufiihogt msdnciyo nm yromdr tfd fyrbsmgat dombt fnodrsyir nhtbnao relmifdt asfytgbeo ieti drno desrg rg emcsn eaim oyssltmrb rdmhn odhir sdatmtgcoe eg isritr iohng ottgsnl ohudas yrtigto albm mlgsdafrn.
Su riueroes cuoohnfn dootetgmha ntucd lr riontiss eiafsost retu notr iugmldte gusisbh yiselsmton entosyome scdm eoairno orl cub oseao afncsbt oid eoeilhf rietuyncr elora ntn mt dmetnigtyf faheirgnrs.
You've read your 3 free glossary pages this month
Create a free account to read 5 full pages a month, or upgrade for unlimited access. The definition above, the A–Z index and the pop-up definitions in lessons stay free.
