Also: National Hydrogen Mission, green hydrogen mission, NGHM
Definition
A national programme approved in January 2023 with an initial outlay of ₹19,744 crore to make India a global hub for producing, using and exporting green hydrogen, made by splitting water with renewable electricity, with a target of at least 5 million tonnes of production capacity a year by 2030.
Cost is the central challenge. The price of green hydrogen depends mostly on the cost of renewable electricity and of electrolysers, and on how many hours a year the plant can run. India's low solar tariffs give it an advantage, and the mission bets that falling electrolyser costs and scale will make green hydrogen competitive with fossil-based hydrogen within the decade.
Hydrogen is already used in large amounts in Indian refineries and fertiliser plants, but almost all of it is "grey" hydrogen, made from natural gas or other fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide. Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis, using electricity from solar, wind or other renewable sources to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with no direct emissions. It can replace grey hydrogen in industry and can be used in sectors that are hard to electrify, such as steel, long-haul transport, shipping and fertilisers.
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