History

Rashtrakutas

Also: Rashtrakuta dynasty of Manyakheta

Definition
The Rashtrakutas were a dynasty that ruled large parts of the Deccan from about the mid-eighth to the late tenth century CE, from their capital at Manyakheta, and are remembered for the Kailasa temple at Ellora and their role in the "tripartite struggle" for Kannauj.
Summary card: Rashtrakutas. Founder of imperial line: Dantidurga, who displaced the Chalukyas of Badami (c. 753 CE). Capital: Manyakheta (Malkhed, Karnataka), moved there under Amoghavarsha I. Kailasa temple (Cave 16), Ellora: built under Krishna I. Part of the tripartite struggle with the Pratiharas and Palas. Ended c. 973 CE when the Western Chalukyas under Tailapa II overthrew them
Summary card © UPSCPrep.in

Background and evolution

The Rashtrakutas began as feudatories of the Chalukyas of Badami. Around the middle of the eighth century, Dantidurga defeated the Chalukya king Kirtivarman II and established his own power in the Deccan. His uncle and successor Krishna I extended the kingdom and is credited with commissioning the monolithic Kailasa temple at Ellora, cut from a single rock.

Under rulers such as Dhruva and Govinda III, the Rashtrakutas campaigned north into the Gangetic plain and south against the Pallavas and others. Amoghavarsha I, who ruled for over six decades in the ninth century, was more interested in literature and religion than war. Later, Krishna III defeated the Cholas at Takkolam in 949 CE. The dynasty weakened after his death, and in about 973 CE Tailapa II, a feudatory, overthrew the last ruler and founded the line of the Western (Kalyani) Chalukyas.

Black-and-white 19th-century photograph of the Kailasa temple at Ellora
The Kailasa temple at Ellora, photographed by Lala Deen Dayal in the 1880s. It was cut out of a single rock under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in the 8th century. Photo: Lala Deen Dayal, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

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Last reviewed: 23 October 2026 · Original UPSCPrep.in content.