Definition
Shipki La is a mountain pass on the India–China border in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, through which the Sutlej river enters India from Tibet, and one of the designated points for India–China border trade.
Background and evolution
Shipki La sits in the high, dry trans-Himalayan zone of upper Kinnaur near the point where the Sutlej, which rises near Lake Rakas Tal close to Mansarovar in Tibet, cuts through the mountains into India. The Sutlej is one of the few rivers that cross the Himalaya through deep gorges, an antecedent river older than the uplift of the ranges it crosses. The pass therefore offers a natural route between the Kinnaur valley and western Tibet.
In the nineteenth century, the British built the Hindustan–Tibet Road from Shimla towards the border, partly to encourage trade in wool and other goods with Tibet. Traders from Kinnaur and Tibet exchanged grain, wool, salt and borax for centuries. After the 1962 war trade stopped, but in 1991 India and China reopened border trade through Lipulekh, and added Shipki La in 1994 and Nathu La in 2006. Trade through these passes is seasonal, limited to summer months, and to a list of permitted items.
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