An urban renewal programme launched in June 2015 that selected 100 cities through a national competition and funded area-based redevelopment and city-wide technology projects, run through special purpose vehicles, to make cities more liveable, efficient and sustainable.
Indian cities generate a large and growing share of national output, yet many lack reliable water, sewerage, public transport and planning capacity. Urban local bodies have limited revenues and staff, and earlier programmes such as JNNURM (2005) left a mixed legacy of projects stuck in delays. In 2015 the government launched a cluster of urban missions together: AMRUT for basic water and sewer services in 500 cities, PMAY-Urban for housing, and the Smart Cities Mission for model areas that could be copied elsewhere.
The mission did not define a smart city rigidly. Instead it asked cities to compete by preparing proposals based on citizen consultation, describing what they wanted to fix and how. Cities were ranked by a jury, and winners were announced in several rounds between 2016 and 2018, with Shillong as the hundredth city. This competitive design was meant to reward ambition and planning capacity, but it also meant that cities with stronger administrations were more likely to be picked.
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