UPSC 1996 › Environment & Ecology

5 questions · 1996 · answers as per the UPSC key

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Topics: Biodiversity & Conservation (2)Water & Wetland Conservation (2)Environmental Governance & Legislation (1)

Which one of the following regions of India is now regarded as an 'ecological hot spot'?

(a) Western Himalayas
(b) Eastern Himalayas
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Eastern Ghats
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Answer: (c) Western Ghats

Assertion (A): Mangroves are very specialised forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical regions bordering certain sea coasts.

Reason (R): They stabilise the shoreline and act as bulwark against encroachments by sea. In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
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Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Consider the following programmes:

I. Afforestation and development of wastelands. II. Reforestation and replantation in existing forests. III. Encouraging the wood substitutes and supplying other types of fuel. IV. Promotion of wide use of insecticides and pesticides to restrict the loss of forest area from degradation caused by pests and insects. The National Forest Policy of 1988 includes

(a) I, II, III and IV
(b) II and IV
(c) I, III and IV
(d) I, II and III
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Answer: (d) I, II and III

Physico-chemical characteristics of water in water sources undergo changes due to

(a) aquatic macrophytes
(b) aquatic fungi
(c) effluents
(d) evapotranspiration
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Answer: (c) effluents

Ecologists have so far found and certified a large number of species in the plant and animal kingdoms. In terms of members, the largest group identified so far is among the

(a) Fungi
(b) Plants
(c) Insects
(d) Bacteria
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Answer: (c) Insects