Art & Culture › Sculpture & Iconography – UPSC Prelims PYQs

10 questions · 1995–2026 · answers as per the UPSC key

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What does an empty seat represent in early Buddhist iconography ?

(a) The meditation of the Buddha
(b) The Buddha’s First Sermon
(c) The Buddha’s Mahaparinibbana
(d) The Buddha’s Mahabhinishkramana
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Answer: (a) The meditation of the Buddha

Which of the following statements on the Amaravati Stupa and its relief sculpture is/are correct ?

  1. It was located in the lower Krishna valley.
  2. In India, it was next only to the Sanchi Stupa in size.
  3. The Amaravati school of sculpture made a lasting impact on the later South Indian sculpture, and its products were carried to Sri Lanka and South-east Asia.

Select the answer using the code given below :

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only

With reference to the art and archaeological history of India, which one among the following was made earliest?

(a) Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar
(b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli
(c) Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram
(d) Varaha Image at Udayagiri
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Answer: (b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli

With reference to the Indian history of art and culture, consider the following pairs : Famous work of sculpture

  1. A grand image of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana with numerous celestial musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers below : Ajanta
  2. A huge image of Varaha Avatar (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he rescues Goddess Earth from the deep and chaotic waters, sculpted on rock : Mount Abu
  3. “Arjuna’s Penance”/“Descent of Ganga” sculpted on the surface of huge boulders : Mamallapuram

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Lord Buddha's image is sometimes shown with the hand gesture called 'Bhumisparsha Mudra'. It symbolizes

(a) and
(b) are correct in this context
(c) Buddha's reminder to his followers that they all arise from the Earth and finally dissolve into the Earth, and thus this life is transitory
(d) Both the statements
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Answer: (b) are correct in this context

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

(a) Harappan Civilisation … Painted Grey Ware
(b) The Kushans … Gandhara School of Art
(c) The Mughals … Ajanta Paintings
(d) The Marathas … Pahari School of Painting
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Answer: (b) The Kushans … Gandhara School of Art

Assertion (A): The Gandhara School of art bears the mark of Hellenistic influence.

Reason (R): Hinayana form was influenced by that art.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
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Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false

In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was also known as

(a) Vajrapani
(b) Manjusri
(c) Padmapani
(d) Maitreya
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Answer: (c) Padmapani

Which one of the following sculptures invariably used green schist as the medium?

(a) Maurya sculptures
(b) Mathura sculptures
(c) Bharhut sculptures
(d) Gandhara sculptures
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Answer: (d) Gandhara sculptures

Bronze icons of Nataraja cast during the Chola period invariably show the deity with

(a) eight hands
(b) six hands
(c) four hands
(d) two hands
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Answer: (c) four hands