Indian Economy › Infrastructure & Industry – UPSC Prelims PYQs

Consider the following statements with reference to the Sagarmala Programme of the Government of India : I. The Sagarmala Programme seeks to achieve port-led economic growth through cost-effective and sustainable coastal infrastructure. II. The success of the Sagarmala Programme is reflected in significant growth in coastal and inland waterway shipping, along with improved global port rankings. III. Sagarmala 2.0 aims to position India as a global maritime innovation hub aligned with Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047 visions.

1. Statement II validates the effectiveness of the strategies envisioned in statement I.
2. Statement III extends the objectives of statement I by embedding them into a future-oriented innovation framework.
3. Statement I contradicts statement III by focusing only on traditional infrastructure instead of modern innovation.

Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct ?

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In what way(s) does the Vizhinjam International Seaport represent a structural shift in India's maritime trade and logistics policy ?

1. By functioning exclusively as a domestic cargo hub to reduce reliance on coastal shipping and eliminate the need for foreign collaborations.
2. By focusing primarily on passenger cruise tourism and heritage shipping to increase Kerala's profile as a maritime heritage destination.
3. By leveraging its natural deep draft and strategic location to reduce dependence on foreign trans-shipment ports, enhance revenue retention, and reposition India in regional maritime trade.

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Which one of the following pairs of semiconductor plants in India and their locations is not correctly matched ?

Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct ?

1. Modern technological innovations including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
2. China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
3. The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
4. Rare Earth Elements are a set of 13 metallic elements.

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Consider the following statements : I. The Reserve Bank of India mandates all the listed companies in India to submit a Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR). II. In India, a company submitting a BRSR makes disclosures in the report that are largely non-financial in nature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements : I. India has joined the Minerals Security Partnership as a member. II. India is a resource-rich country in all the 30 critical minerals that it has identified. III. The Parliament in 2023 has amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 empowering the Central Government to exclusively auction mining lease and composite license for certain critical minerals.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following activities : I. Production of crude oil II. Refining, storage and distribution of petroleum III. Marketing and sale of petroleum products IV. Production of natural gas

How many of the above activities are regulated by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board in our country?

Consider the following statements :

Statement I : In India, State Governments have no power for making rules for grant of concessions in respect of extraction of minor minerals even though such minerals are located in their territories.

Statement II : In India, the Central Government has the power to notify minor minerals under the relevant law.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

With reference to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) rules in India, consider the following statements :

1. CSR rules specify that expenditures that benefit the company directly or its employees will not be considered as CSR activities.
2. CSR rules do not specify minimum spending on CSR activities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Consider the following statements with reference to India :

1. According to the ‘Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006’, the ‘medium enterprises’ are those with investments in plant and machinery between ₹15 crore and ₹25 crore.
2. All bank loans to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises qualify under the priority sector.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In India, what is the role of the Coal Controller's Organization (CCO) ?

1. CCO is the major source of Coal Statistics in Government of India.
2. It monitors progress of development of Captive Coal/Lignite blocks.
3. It hears any objection to the Government's notification relating to acquisition of coal-bearing areas.
4. It ensures that coal mining companies deliver the coal to end users in the prescribed time.

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Consider the following statements :

1. Coal sector was nationalized by the Government of India under Indira Gandhi.
2. Now, coal blocks are allocated on lottery basis.
3. Till recently, India imported coal to meet the shortages of domestic supply, but now India is self-sufficient in coal production.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the management of minor minerals in India, consider the following statements :

1. Sand is a ‘minor mineral’ according to the prevailing law in the country.
2. State Governments have the power to grant mining leases of minor minerals, but the powers regarding the formation of rules related to the grant of minor minerals lie with the Central Government.
3. State Governments have the power to frame rules to prevent illegal mining of minor minerals.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements :

1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) is the first regulatory body set up by the Government of India.
2. One of the tasks of PNGRB is to ensure competitive markets for gas.
3. Appeals against the decisions of PNGRB go before the Appellate Tribunals for Electricity.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The term 'Domestic Content Requirement' is sometimes seen in the news with reference to

With reference to 'National Investment and Infrastructure Fund', which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1. It is an organ of NITI Aayog.
2. It has a corpus of ₹ 4,00,000 crore at present.

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Which one of the following is a purpose of 'UDAY', a scheme of the Government?

Recently, India's first 'National Investment and Manufacturing Zone' was proposed to be set up in

What is/are the purpose/purposes of 'District Mineral Foundations' in India?

1. Promoting mineral exploration activities in mineral-rich districts
2. Protecting the interests of the persons affected by mining operations
3. Authorizing State Governments to issue licences for mineral exploration

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In the 'Index of Eight Core Industries', which one of the following is given the highest weight?

In India, the steel production industry requires the import of

The substitution of steel for wooden ploughs in agricultural production is an example of

With reference to two non-conventional energy sources called ‘coalbed methane’ and ‘shale gas’, consider the following statements :

1. Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas extracted from coal seams, while shale gas is a mixture of propane and butane only that can be extracted from fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
2. In India, abundant coalbed methane sources exist, but so far no shale gas sources have been found.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What is/are the recent policy initiative(s) of Government of India to promote the growth of manufacturing sector?

1. Setting up of National Investment and Manufacturing Zones
2. Providing the benefit of 'single window clearance'
3. Establishing the Technology Acquisition and Development Fund

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In India, in the overall Index of Industrial Production, the Indices of Eight Core Industries have a combined weight of 37·90%. Which of the following are among those Eight Core Industries?

1. Cement
2. Fertilizers
3. Natural gas
4. Refinery products
5. Textiles

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Despite having large reserves of coal, why does India import millions of tonnes of coal?

1. It is the policy of India to save its own coal reserves for future, and import it from other countries for the present use.
2. Most of the power plants in India are coal-based and they are not able to get sufficient supplies of coal from within the country.
3. Steel companies need large quantity of coking coal which has to be imported.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of global oil prices, "Brent crude oil" is frequently referred to in the news. What does this term imply?

1. It is a major classification of crude oil.
2. It is sourced from North Sea.
3. It does not contain sulphur.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With what purpose is the Government of India promoting the concept of "Mega Food Parks"?

1. To provide good infrastructure facilities for the food processing industry.
2. To increase the processing of perishable items and reduce wastage.
3. To provide emerging and eco-friendly food processing technologies to entrepreneurs.

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Which one of the following is not a feature of Limited Liability Partnership firm ?

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

1. Gujarat Heavy Chemicals Ltd.
2. Raymond Ltd.
3. Vedanta Resources
4. Videocon Group

List I (Person) A. Anil Agarwal B. Gautam H. Singhania C. Sanjay Dalmia D. Venugopal Dhoot

List II (Organization)

Consider the following statements:

1. MMTC Limited is India's largest international trading organisation.
2. Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited has been set up by MMTC jointly with the Government of Orissa.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In which one of the following States has India's largest private sector sea port been commissioned recently?

Among other things,

which one of the following was the purpose for which the Deepak Parekh Committee was constituted?

With

which one of the following has the B. K. Chaturvedi Committee dealt?

Consider the following statements :

1. The first telegraph line in India was laid between Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) and Diamond Harbour.
2. The first Export Processing Zone in India was set up in Kandla.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Consider the following pairs :

1. Ashok Leyland : Hinduja Group
2. Hindalco Industries : A.V. Birla Group
3. Suzlon Energy : Punj Lloyd Group

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

In August 2006, the Government of India notified the Rural Electrification Policy. This policy aims at provision of access to all households by which year?

Which of the following pairs in respect of current power generation in India is/are correctly matched? (Rounded Figure)

1. Installed electricity generation capacity : 100000 MW
2. Electricity generation : 660 billion kWh

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Which of the following are the public sector undertakings of the Government of India?

1. Balmer Lawrie and Company Ltd.
2. Dredging Corporation of India
3. Educational Consultants of India Ltd.

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How much is one barrel of oil approximately equal to?

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

1. Essar Group
2. Info Edge India (which runs naukri.com)
3. Indian Airlines
4. Suzlon Energy

List-I (Person) A. Vishwapati Trivedi B. Tulsi R. Tanti C. Shashi Ruia D. S. Bikachandani

List-II (Company)

Codes:

With reference to the steel industry in India in recent times, consider the following statements:

1. Vizag Steel Plant (RINL) has been declared a Mini-Ratna.
2. Merger of IISCO with SAIL has been completed.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

1. Hirakud
2. Korba
3. Koraput
4. Renukoot

List-I (Aluminium Company) A. BALCO B. HINDALCO C. Indian Aluminium Company D. NALCO

List-II (Location)

Consider the following statements:

1. Appellate Tribunal for Electricity has been established by each State Government in India.
2. One of the components of the Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (APDRP) is upgradation of sub-transmission and distribution system for electricity in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? Railway Zone — Headquarters

Projects and Development India Limited is mainly engaged in design engineering, procurement and supervision of construction/commissioning in which area?

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

Match items in the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

1. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
2. Air India
3. Maruti Udyog Limited
4. Bharat Earth Movers Limited
5. Indian Space Research Organization

List I (Person) (A) V.R.S. Natrajan (B) A.K. Puri (C) V. Thulasidas (D) Jogdish Khattar

List II (Organization)

Which one of the following airports in India is the first to be owned by a public limited company?

Consider the following statements :

1. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is liquefied under extremely cold temperatures and high pressure to facilitate storage or transportation in specially designed vessels.
2. First LNG terminal in India was built in Hassan.
3. Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) are separated from LPG and these include ethane, propane, butane and natural gasoline.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?