Modern History › Advent Of Europeans & British Expansion – UPSC Prelims PYQs

35 questions · 1995–2026 · answers as per the UPSC key

Take test Free Study this topic: Advent of Europeans and British Expansion
By year: UPSC 2026 (1)UPSC 2022 (1)UPSC 2021 (2)UPSC 2018 (1)UPSC 2012 (1)UPSC 2010 (2)UPSC 2007 (3)UPSC 2006 (3)UPSC 2005 (3)UPSC 2004 (3)UPSC 2003 (5)UPSC 2002 (1)UPSC 2001 (1)UPSC 2000 (2)UPSC 1999 (1)UPSC 1998 (1)UPSC 1996 (1)UPSC 1995 (3)

Consider the following statements regarding the British policy in Awadh immediately after its annexation in 1856 :

  1. The taluqdars were dispossessed of their estates but allowed to retain their arms and forts.
  2. A Summary Revenue Settlement was made in 1856 assuming that the taluqdars were outsiders.
  3. The British believed in taking revenue directly from the peasants by removing the taluqdars.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 2 only
Show answer
Answer: (a) 2 and 3 only

With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements :

  1. The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers.
  2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate.
  3. The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located?

  1. Broach
  2. Chicacole
  3. Trichinopoly

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 3 only
(d) 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: (a) 1 only

With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
  2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire.
  3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Show answer
Answer: (b) 2 only

Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley ?

(a) To maintain a large standing army at other's expense
(b) To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger
(c) To secure a fixed income for the Company
(d) To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States
Show answer
Answer: (c) To secure a fixed income for the Company

Consider the following :

  1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops
  2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare
  3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies

Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) None
Show answer
Answer: (d) None

What was the immediate reason for Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and fight the Third Battle of Panipat ?

(a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion by Marathas of his viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore
(b) The frustrated governor of Jullundhar Adina Beg Khan invited him to invade Punjab
(c) He wanted to punish Mughal administration for non-payment of the revenues of the Chahar Mahal (Gujarat, Aurangabad, Sialkot and Pasrur)
(d) He wanted to annex all the fertile plains of Punjab up to the borders of Delhi to his kingdom
Show answer
Answer: (a) He wanted to avenge the expulsion by Marathas of his viceroy Timur Shah from Lahore

With reference to Pondicherry (now Puducherry), consider the following statements :

  1. The first European power to occupy Pondicherry were the Portuguese.
  2. The second European power to occupy Pondicherry were the French.
  3. The English never occupied Pondicherry.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: (a) 1 only

The ruler

of which one of the following States was removed from power by the British on the pretext of misgovernance?

(a) Awadh
(b) Jhansi
(c) Nagpur
(d) Satara
Show answer
Answer: (a) Awadh

Who among the following Europeans were the last to come to pre-independence India as traders?

(a) Dutch
(b) English
(c) French
(d) Portuguese
Show answer
Answer: (c) French

Which one of the following was the first fort constructed by the British in India?

(a) Fort William
(b) Fort St. George
(c) Fort St. David
(d) Fort St. Angelo
Show answer
Answer: (b) Fort St. George

Who was the Governor-General of India during the Sepoy Mutiny?

(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Hardinge
(d) Lord Lytton
Show answer
Answer: (a) Lord Canning

In the year 1613, where was the English East India Company given permission to set up a factory (trading post)?

(a) Bangalore
(b) Madras
(c) Masulipatnam
(d) Surat
Show answer
Answer: (d) Surat

With reference to the revolt of the year 1857, who of the following was betrayed by a friend; captured and put to death by the British?

(a) Nana Sahib
(b) Kunwar Singh
(c) Khan Bahadur Khan
(d) Tantia Tope
Show answer
Answer: (d) Tantia Tope

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the battles fought in India in the 18th Century?

(a) Battle of Wandawash - Battle of Buxar - Battle of Ambur - Battle of Plassey
(b) Battle of Ambur - Battle of Plassey - Battle of Wandawash - Battle of Buxar
(c) Battle of Wandawash - Battle of Plassey - Battle of Ambur - Battle of Buxar
(d) Battle of Ambur - Battle of Buxar - Battle of Wandawash - Battle of Plassey
Show answer
Answer: (b) Battle of Ambur - Battle of Plassey - Battle of Wandawash - Battle of Buxar

Which one of the following territories was not affected by the Revolt of 1857?

(a) Jhansi
(b) Chittor
(c) Jagdishpur
(d) Lucknow
Show answer
Answer: (b) Chittor

Which one of the following places did Kunwar Singh, a prominent leader of the Revolt of 1857, belong to?

(a) Bihar
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Show answer
Answer: (a) Bihar

Consider the following princely States of the British rule in India:

  1. Jhansi
  2. Sambalpur
  3. Satara The correct chronological order in which they were annexed by the British is
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 1, 3, 2
(c) 3, 2, 1
(d) 3, 1, 2
Show answer
Answer: (c) 3, 2, 1

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

  1. AD 1767-69 : First Anglo-Maratha War
  2. AD 1790-92 : Third Mysore War
  3. AD 1824-26 : First Anglo-Burmese War
  4. AD 1845-46 : Second Sikh War

List I (Period) : List II (Wars)

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 2 and 4
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: (d) 2 and 3

Consider the following statements:

  1. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
  2. Tipu Sultan was killed in the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
  3. Mir Jafar entered in a conspiracy with the English for the defeat of Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey.

Which of these statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) None
Show answer
Answer: (b) 3 only

In India, among the following locations, the Dutch established their earliest factory at

(a) Surat
(b) Pullicat
(c) Cochin
(d) Cassimbazar
Show answer
Answer: (b) Pullicat

With reference to the entry of European powers into India, which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499
(b) The English opened their first factory in South India at Masulipatnam
(c) In Eastern India, the English Company opened its first factory in Orissa in 1633
(d) Under the leadership of Dupleix, the French occupied Madras in 1746
Show answer
Answer: (a) The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499

Assertion (A): Shah Alam II spent the initial years as an Emperor far away from his capital.

Reason (R): There was always a lurking danger of foreign invasion from the north-west frontier.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Show answer
Answer: (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

Assertion (A): Marathas emerged as the strongest native power in India after the decline of Mughal empire.

Reason (R): Marathas were the first to have clear concept of a united Indian nation.

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Show answer
Answer: (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Ali Mardan Khan introduced the system of revenue farming in Bengal
(b) Maharaja Ranjit Singh set up modern foundries to manufacture cannons at Lahore
(c) Sawai Jai Singh of Amber had Euclid’s ‘Elements of Geometry’ translated into Sanskrit
(d) Sultan Tipu of Mysore gave money for the construction of the idol of Goddess Sarda in the Sringeri temple
Show answer
Answer: (a) Ali Mardan Khan introduced the system of revenue farming in Bengal

With

which one of the following mountain tribes did the British first come into contact with after the grant of Diwani in the year 1765?

(a) Garo
(b) Khasis
(c) Kukis
(d) Tipperahs
Show answer
Answer: (b) Khasis

Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines?

(a) Haider Ali
(b) Mir Qasim
(c) Shah Alam II
(d) Tipu Sultan
Show answer
Answer: (d) Tipu Sultan

“In this instance we could not play off the Mohammedans against the Hindus”. To which one of the following events did this remark of Aitchison relate?

(a) Revolt of 1857
(b) Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
(c) Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement (1919-22)
(d) August Movement of 1942
Show answer
Answer: (a) Revolt of 1857

The last major extension of British Indian territory took place during the time of

(a) Dufferin
(b) Dalhousie
(c) Lytton
(d) Curzon
Show answer
Answer: (b) Dalhousie

Match List I with List II

and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

List I (Year) I. 1775 II. 1780 III. 1824 IV. 1838

List II (Event) A) First Anglo-Burmese War B) First Anglo-Afghan War C) First Anglo-Maratha War D) Second Anglo-Mysore War

(a) I-D, II-C, III-B, IV-A
(b) I-D, II-C, III-A, IV-B
(c) I-C, II-D, III-A, IV-B
(d) I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-A
Show answer
Answer: (c) I-C, II-D, III-A, IV-B

The educated middle class in India

(a) opposed the revolt of 1857
(b) supported the revolt of 1857
(c) remained neutral to the revolt of 1857
(d) fought against native rulers
Show answer
Answer: (c) remained neutral to the revolt of 1857

Who among the following was the first European to initiate the policy of taking part in the quarrels of Indian princes with a view to acquire territories?

(a) Clive
(b) Dupleix
(c) Albuquerque
(d) Warren Hastings
Show answer
Answer: (b) Dupleix

Examine the map given below:

The places marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 were respectively the seats of powers of the

(a) Scindias, Holkars, Gaekwads and Bhonsles
(b) Holkars, Scindias, Gaekwads and Bhonsles
(c) Gaekwads, Bhonsles, Scindias and Holkars
(d) Scindias, Holkars, Bhonsles and Gaekwads
Show answer
Answer: (a) Scindias, Holkars, Gaekwads and Bhonsles
This question uses a table or figure from the original paper that is not reproduced here.

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

(a) Battle of Buxar — Mir Jafar vs. Clive
(b) Battle of Wandiwash — French vs. East India Company
(c) Battle of Chilianwala — Dalhousie vs. Marathas
(d) Battle of Kharda — Nizam vs. East India Company
Show answer
Answer: (b) Battle of Wandiwash — French vs. East India Company

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

(a) Battle of Buxar — Mir Jafar vs. Clive
(b) Battle of Wandiwash — French vs. East India Company
(c) Battle of Chilianwala — Dalhousie vs. Marathas
(d) Battle of Kharda — Nizam vs. East India Company
Show answer
Answer: (b) Battle of Wandiwash — French vs. East India Company