GS1 › Indian Physical and Economic Geography

Revision note: Soils of India: Types, Degradation and Conservation

  • Factors: parent rock, climate (most important), relief, organisms, time; horizons A, B, C
  • Alluvial ~40%: rich potash, poor N and P; Bhangar vs Khadar
  • Black (regur, Vertisol): basalt, self-ploughing, cotton
  • Red (iron oxide, granite); laterite (leaching, bricks, tea/coffee/cashew)
  • Saline: reh, kallar, usar – gypsum
  • Peaty: Kuttanad, Sundarbans
  • Degradation ~29.7% (ISRO atlas 2021); target 26 Mha restored by 2030
Revision card summarising Soils of India: Types, Degradation and Conservation
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs1/indian-physical-and-economic-geography/soils-of-india-types-degradation-and-conservation/ · UPSCPrep.in

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