Indian Physical and Economic Geography – UPSC GS1

India covers about 3.28 million square kilometres, roughly 2.4 per cent of the world's land, yet it holds almost every major landform: the youngest fold mountains on Earth, one of the largest alluvial plains, an…

A drainage system is the network of channels through which rivers carry water from an area. The area drained by one river and its tributaries is its drainage basin or catchment, and the high ground…

The word monsoon comes from the Arabic *mausim*, meaning season. It refers to a seasonal reversal of winds that brings most of India's rain in about four months. Roughly 70–75 per cent of India's annual…

Soil is the thin layer of loose material on the Earth's surface made of weathered rock particles, organic matter (humus), water, air and living organisms. It takes hundreds to thousands of years to form a…

Natural vegetation is the plant cover that grows without direct human help and has been left undisturbed for a long time. Flora means the plant species of a region, fauna its animals. Biogeography studies why…

India's industries, power stations and exports depend on where its minerals and fuels lie. GS Paper 1 asks about the distribution of key natural resources and the factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary…