GS1 · Module 12 of 23
Post-Independence Consolidation – UPSC GS1
This module of the GS Paper 1: History, Culture, Geography & Society course covers integration of states, linguistic reorganisation, land reforms and nation-building. It has 4 study lessons and a 32-question practice quiz. Free lessons can be read in full; premium lessons show a preview.
Lessons in this module
1. Integration of Princely States
Free 7 minWhen India became independent on 15 August 1947, it was not one political unit. About 565 princely states covered roughly two-fifths of the land and about a quarter of the population. They ranged from large…
2. Linguistic Reorganisation of States
Premium 7 minThe provinces of British India were drawn for administrative convenience and the accidents of conquest. The Madras Presidency included Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada speakers; Bombay included Marathi, Gujarati and Kannada areas; and Hyderabad state…
3. Land Reforms, Planning and Economic Nation-Building
Premium 7 minIndependent India inherited a poor, stagnant and unequal economy. Per capita income had barely grown in the last half-century of colonial rule. Around 70 per cent of workers depended on agriculture, which was crippled by…
4. Challenges to Unity and Democracy: Wars, Movements and the Emergency (1947–1990)
Premium 7 minThe first four decades after independence tested whether India could survive as a united, democratic and secular state. Many foreign observers predicted that it would break apart because of its poverty and diversity. Instead, India…
Module quiz: Post-Independence Consolidation (32 questions)Maps & infographics in this module
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