GS1 › Physical Geography in Depth

Revision note: Moisture, Air Masses, Fronts and World Climates

  • Relative humidity vs absolute; dew point = saturation; cirrus (high), cumulonimbus (thunder, hail)
  • Rainfall: convectional, orographic (rain shadow – Deccan; Mawsynram), cyclonic/frontal
  • Air masses: m/c + T/P/A/E; fronts: cold (short heavy), warm (long light), occluded, stationary
  • Temperate cyclones: polar front (Bjerknes), west-to-east, land and sea; anticyclones = clear, stable
  • Köppen: A tropical, B dry, C warm temperate, D cold, E polar, H highland; Am – Kerala, Aw – peninsula, BWh – Thar
  • Hot deserts on west margins with cold currents; Mediterranean = dry summer, wet winter
  • El Niño = warm east Pacific, weak trades → weak monsoon; La Niña opposite; positive IOD helps monsoon; MJO 30–60 days
Revision card summarising Moisture, Air Masses, Fronts and World Climates
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs1/physical-geography-in-depth/moisture-air-masses-fronts-and-world-climates/ · UPSCPrep.in

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