GS2 › Governance in Practice

Revision note: Pressure Groups, NGOs and Civil Society in Governance

  • Pressure groups influence policy without seeking power (vs parties)
  • Almond's types: institutional, associational, non-associational, anomic
  • Examples: FICCI 1927, AITUC 1920, AIKS 1936, NBA, Chipko
  • NGO forms: society (1860 Act), trust, Section 8 company
  • Roles: service delivery, advocacy (MKSS → RTI), watchdog (ADR), innovation (SEWA)
  • FCRA 2010, amended 2020: admin cap 20%, no sub-granting, SBI New Delhi account; upheld in Noel Harper 2022
  • NGO-Darpan (NITI); CSR 2% under Sec 135; Voluntary Sector Policy 2007
Revision card summarising Pressure Groups, NGOs and Civil Society in Governance
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs2/governance-in-practice/pressure-groups-ngos-and-civil-society-in-governance/ · UPSCPrep.in

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