GS3 · Module 10 of 22
Agricultural Resources and Production – UPSC GS3
This module of the GS Paper 3: Economy, Environment, S&T & Security course covers cropping patterns, irrigation, land reforms, seeds, fertilisers and mechanisation. It has 4 study lessons and a 32-question practice quiz. Free lessons can be read in full; premium lessons show a preview.
Lessons in this module
1. Cropping Patterns, Crop Seasons and Major Crops
Free 7 minShare of the economy: agriculture and allied sectors contribute about 18% of GVA but employ about 46% of the workforce (PLFS 2023–24). This gap explains low farm incomes. Growth: agriculture has grown at about 4–5%…
2. Irrigation: Systems, Problems and Water-Use Efficiency
Premium 7 minRainfall dependence: India's rainfall is seasonal (about 75% falls in the four monsoon months), uneven across regions and variable from year to year. Irrigation stabilises production, allows multiple cropping, and makes high-yielding varieties possible. Coverage:…
3. Land Reforms and Land Records in India
Premium 7 minBritish land revenue systems created deep inequality in rural India: Permanent Settlement (Zamindari), 1793, under Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha: zamindars were made owners and collected rent with a fixed revenue demand. Cultivators…
4. Farm Inputs: Seeds, Fertilisers, Mechanisation and Technology
Premium 7 minThe yield gap: yields of most Indian crops are well below global and potential levels. India's rice yield is about 2.8–3 t/ha of milled rice, compared with about 4.7 t/ha in China. The gap reflects…
Module quiz: Agricultural Resources and Production (32 questions)Maps & infographics in this module
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