GS4 › Ethics in Contemporary Issues

Revision note: Environmental Ethics and Bioethics

  • Approaches: anthropocentric, biocentric (Schweitzer), ecocentric (Leopold's land ethic 1949), deep ecology (Naess 1973), ecofeminism, animal ethics (Singer 1975)
  • Principles: intergenerational equity (Brundtland 1987), polluter pays and precautionary (Vellore 1996), public trust (Kamal Nath 1997)
  • India: Bishnoi 1730 (Amrita Devi), Chipko 1973, Arts 48A and 51A(g) (42nd Amdt 1976), Ranjitsinh 2024, Niyamgiri 2013, Mission LiFE 2022
  • Bioethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice (Beauchamp and Childress 1979); Nuremberg 1947, Helsinki 1964, Belmont 1979
  • Laws: Surrogacy and ART Acts 2021, MTP 2021, THOTA 1994, PCPNDT 1994, Common Cause 2018, Mental Healthcare Act 2017
Revision card summarising Environmental Ethics and Bioethics
One-page visual summary of the key points to revise.

Source: https://upscprep.in/upsc/gs4/ethics-in-contemporary-issues/environmental-ethics-and-bioethics/ · UPSCPrep.in

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