Definition
Akbar (1542–1605) was the third Mughal emperor, ruling from 1556 to 1605, who expanded and consolidated the empire, built its administrative system and followed a policy of religious accommodation known as sulh-i kul.
Background and evolution
Akbar was born while his father Humayun was a fugitive after losing the throne to Sher Shah Suri. He became emperor at thirteen, on Humayun's sudden death in 1556, at a time when Mughal control was limited to a small area around Delhi and Agra and was threatened by Hemu, the able general of the Suri ruler Adil Shah. At the Second Battle of Panipat, the Mughal army under the regent Bairam Khan won after Hemu was struck in the eye by an arrow and captured.
For the next few years real power lay with Bairam Khan and then with a court faction around Akbar's foster mother Maham Anga. By the early 1560s Akbar had taken full charge. Over the following four decades he brought Malwa, Gondwana, Chittor and Ranthambhore, Gujarat, Bengal, Kabul, Kashmir, Sindh, Kandahar and parts of the Deccan, including Khandesh and Berar, under Mughal rule. His reign is the period in which the Mughal state became a durable imperial structure rather than a conquest regime.
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