The Bodo Accords are a series of agreements (1993, 2003 and 2020) between the Government of India, the Assam government and Bodo groups to end the Bodo movement for a separate state and armed insurgency. The 2020 accord created the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) with greater powers under the Sixth Schedule.
The Bodos are a Tibeto-Burman community living mainly on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra in Assam. Their movement for political recognition dates back to the colonial period, and the Plains Tribals Council of Assam demanded a separate territory in the 1960s. From 1987, the ABSU under Upendranath Brahma led a mass movement with the slogan "Divide Assam fifty-fifty." Armed groups such as the Bodo Security Force, later the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), and the Bodo Liberation Tigers (BLT) emerged.
The 1993 accord set up the Bodoland Autonomous Council but failed because its boundaries were not agreed and violence continued. The 2003 accord, signed after the BLT laid down arms, created the BTC under the Sixth Schedule through a 2003 amendment. The NDFB continued fighting, with ethnic violence between Bodos and other communities, especially in 2012 and 2014. The 2020 accord brought in all NDFB factions, with more than 1,600 cadres surrendering.
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