A broken chain of old, eroded hills running roughly parallel to India's east coast from Odisha through Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu, cut into separate blocks by the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers on their way to the Bay of Bengal.
The Eastern Ghats are among the oldest landforms of the Indian peninsula. Much of the range is made of very ancient rocks such as khondalites and charnockites, formed under great heat and pressure deep in the crust more than a billion years ago, when the Indian landmass was joined to East Antarctica in older supercontinents. Long periods of erosion have worn the hills down, so they are lower and less continuous than the Western Ghats. Large rivers that rise in the Western Ghats or central India cross the Eastern Ghats in gorges and broad gaps, splitting the range into segments.
From north to south, the northern Eastern Ghats in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh include high hills around Koraput and the Araku valley, with peaks such as Arma Konda and Mahendragiri. The central segment includes the Nallamala and Velikonda hills between the Krishna and Penner rivers. In Tamil Nadu, the range breaks into isolated hills such as the Javadi, Shevaroy (with Yercaud), Kollimalai and Pachaimalai. The Biligirirangan hills link the system with the Western Ghats near the Nilgiris, creating a wildlife corridor.
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