Definition
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950) was a Congress leader from Gujarat who organised peasant satyagrahas, served as India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, and led the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union.
Background and evolution
Patel came from a farming family of the Kheda district. He studied law largely by himself, practised as a pleader in Gujarat, and later qualified as a barrister at the Middle Temple in London. Returning to Ahmedabad, he built a successful criminal practice and at first was sceptical of Gandhi. That changed in 1917–18, when he joined Gandhi in the Kheda campaign, where farmers hit by crop failure refused to pay land revenue.
Bardoli in 1928 made his reputation. When the Bombay government raised the land revenue sharply, Patel organised the farmers of Bardoli taluka into a disciplined no-tax campaign, with camps, volunteers and a strict code of non-violence. The government eventually appointed the Maxwell-Broomfield inquiry, which reduced the increase. The women of Bardoli are said to have given him the title of Sardar. He went on to play a leading role in the Salt Satyagraha, served as Congress President in 1931 and became the party's chief organiser, managing its provincial election campaigns of 1937 and its parliamentary board.
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