Definition
The largest tributary of the Ganga, about 1,376 km long, which rises at the Yamunotri glacier in Uttarakhand, flows past Delhi, Mathura and Agra, and joins the Ganga at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj.
Background and evolution
The Yamuna begins high in the Garhwal Himalaya, below the Bandarpunch peaks, where the temple at Yamunotri marks a major pilgrimage site and one of the four dhams of Uttarakhand. In its mountain course it is joined by the Tons, its largest Himalayan tributary, which actually carries more water than the Yamuna at their meeting point near Kalsi. The river leaves the hills near Paonta Sahib and enters the plains at Hathnikund–Tajewala, where barrages divert much of its water into the Western and Eastern Yamuna canals.
From there it flows south, forming the boundary between Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, passes through the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and then runs south-east through the Braj region of Mathura and Vrindavan and past Agra, where the Taj Mahal stands on its bank. Below Etawah it receives its major peninsular tributaries, the Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken, which drain the Malwa plateau and Bundelkhand. It finally meets the Ganga at Prayagraj, where tradition adds the invisible Saraswati to create the Triveni Sangam, venue of the Kumbh Mela.
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