B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) was a jurist, economist and social reformer who led the movement against caste discrimination, chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution and served as India's first Law Minister.
Ambedkar was born into the Mahar community, which was treated as untouchable, and his childhood brought daily humiliation, from being made to sit apart in school to being refused water. His father served in the British Indian Army, which gave the family some access to education. With support from the Maharaja of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, he went to Columbia University in New York, where he studied economics under scholars such as Edwin Seligman, and later to the London School of Economics and Gray's Inn.
On returning to India he combined legal practice, teaching and activism. In 1924 he founded the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha to promote education and welfare among the depressed classes. He launched papers such as Mooknayak (1920) and Bahishkrit Bharat (1927). The Mahad Satyagraha of 1927, which asserted the right of untouchables to draw water from a public tank, and the public burning of the Manusmriti in the same year made him a national figure. He also led the Kalaram temple entry campaign in Nashik from 1930.
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