Definition
The Poona Pact was an agreement signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada jail, Poona, between B. R. Ambedkar and leaders of the Congress and caste Hindus on behalf of Gandhi, which replaced separate electorates for the depressed classes under the Communal Award with reserved seats in joint electorates.
Background and evolution
At the Round Table Conferences in London, Ambedkar argued that the depressed classes were a separate minority who needed their own representation, because caste Hindu voters would not elect leaders who truly represented them. Gandhi, at the Second Round Table Conference in 1931, opposed separate electorates for the depressed classes, saying they would divide Hindu society permanently and that he would resist with his life.
The conferences ended without agreement on minority representation, and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award in August 1932. It gave separate electorates to Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans, and also to the depressed classes, who would vote in separate constituencies and also in general constituencies. Gandhi, then in Yerwada jail after the Civil Disobedience Movement, began a fast unto death against the separate electorate for depressed classes. Intense negotiations followed between Ambedkar and leaders such as Malaviya, Rajendra Prasad, C. Rajagopalachari and M. R. Jayakar.
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